A disagreement for the sake of heaven | The roots of the Oral Torah
Mar 27, 2019
Webinar handouts:
The first “Machloket” in the Torah
ืืฉื ื ืืืืช ืืณ:ืืดื
ืื ืืืืืงืช ืฉืืื ืืฉื ืฉืืื. ืกืืคื ืืืชืงืืื. ืืฉืืื ื ืืฉื ืฉืืื. ืืื ืกืืคื ืืืชืงืืื. ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืงืช ืฉืืื ืืฉื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืืืงืช ืืื ืืฉืืื. ืืฉืืื ื ืืฉื ืฉืืื. ืื ืืืืืงืช ืงืจื ืืื ืขืืชื
Every argument that is for [the sake of] heaven's name, it is destined to endure. But if it is not for [the sake of] heaven's name -- it is not destined to endure. What is [an example of an argument] for [the sake of] heaven's name? The argument of Hillel and Shammai. What is [an example of an argument] not for [the sake of] heaven's name? The argument of Korach and all of his congregation.
ืืืงืจื ื ืื
ืึฐืึตึฃืช ื ืฉืึฐืขึดึฃืืจ ืึทึฝืึทืึผึธึืืช ืึผึธืจึนึฅืฉื ืึผึธืจึทึืฉื ืึนืฉืึถึื ืึฐืึดื ึผึตึฃื ืฉืึนืจึธึืฃ ืึทึ ืึผึดืงึฐืฆึนืฃ ืขึทืึพืึถืึฐืขึธืึธึคืจ ืึฐืขึทืึพืึดึฝืืชึธืึธืจึ ืึผึฐื ึตึฃื ืึทืึฒืจึนึื ืึทื ึผืึนืชึธืจึดึื ืึตืืึนึฝืจื
Then Moses inquired about the goat of sin offering, and it had already been burned! He was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s remaining sons, and said,
Rashi:
ืฉืขืืจ ืืืืืช THE GOAT OF THE SIN OFFERING — This was the goat of the additonal offerings of the New Moon. Three goats for sin-offerings had been sacrificed that day: a goat of the kids prescribed for the installation ceremony (see Leviticus 9:3), and the goat brought by Nachshon as a free-will offering, and the goat for the New Moon. Of all these, this last alone had been burnt, and the Sages of Israel differ in their opinions regarding the matter. Some say that it was on account of some uncleanness (unclean thing) which had touched it that it was burnt, whilst others say that it had been burnt on account of the state of mourning in which Aaron’s sons were, for it was a holy sacrifice ordained for all generations and was not of an exceptional character whilst in the case of the occasional holy sacrifices (the two other goats) they relied on Moses’ statement when he said in respect to the occasional meal-offering (v. 12), “and eat it as unleavened cakes”, although you are Onanim, and they took this to apply also to those goats which were also of an occasional character (Sifra, Shemini, Chapter 2 8-10; Zevachim 101a).
ืืจืฉ ืืจืฉ. ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื ืึฐืจึดืืฉืืึนืช: ืึดืคึผึฐื ึตื ืึธื ื ึดืฉืึฐืจึทืฃ ืึถื? ืึผืึดืคึผึฐื ึตื ืึธื ื ึถืึถืึฐืืึผ ืึตืึผืึผ? ืึผึธืึฐ ืึดืื ืึผึฐืชืึนืจึทืช ืึผึนืึฒื ึดืื:
ืืจืฉ ืืจืฉ [MOSES] DILIGENTLY ENQUIRED ABOUT — The repetition of the word implies that he made two enquiries: why has this (the goat for the New Moon) been burnt and why have these other goats been eaten? — Thus it is stated in Torath Cohanim (Sifra, Shemini, Chapter 2 2).
Mei Hashiloach, Izbiza Rebbe: ืื ืืฉืืื
ืืืช ืฉืขืืจ ืืืืืช ืืจืฉ ืืจืฉ ืืฉื. ืขื ืื ืืฉื ื ืืจืืฉืืช, ืืขื ืื ืจืื ืฉืืจืื ืืื' (ืกื ืืืจืื ืง"ื:) ืขื ืืืื ืืืืืชืืคื ืฉืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืืืช ืืืืืช ืคืกืืงืืช ืืืืื ืืคืืจื ืืืืืจ ืืจืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืื"ื, ืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืจื ืขื ืืฉืื ืืืขืช ืืกืืจ ืืื ืืฆืืช ืื ืชืขืฉื ืขื ืื ืืกืคืืงืืช ืฉื ืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืจื ืขื ืืฉืื ืืืขืช ืืชื ืืขื ืืืจืื ื ืืืืืขืช ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืืขื ืืืืฃ ืืืืืจ ืืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืื. ืืื ืฉืืฉืื ืื ืืืจื (ืืืืื ืง"ื.) ืื ืฉืืขืช ืืงืืฉื ืฉืขื ืื ืฉืืขืช ืืงืืฉื ืืืจืืช. ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืจืืฉ ืืจืฉ ืืฉื ืฉืืฉืื ืื ืืฃ ืฉืืจืฉืช ืื ืฆืจืื, ื"ื ืืื ืื ืืืงื ืืงืืฉื ืืืจืืช. ืืืื ืกืืืืืช ืืคืจืฉืืืช ืืืจื ืจืืื ืื ืื ืื ื ืขื ืฉื ืืคื ืฉืจืฆื ืืืกืชืื ืื ืกืชืจืืช ืืขืชืืืืช, ืืื ืืืืจื ืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืงืืฉื ืืืจืืช ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืขืื ื ืืงื"ื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืื ื ื ืืื ืืืืื, ืืืืจ ืืฆืขืจ ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืชืช ื ืื ืืืืืืื ืขื"ื ืืื ืื ืืชื ืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืกืืจืืช.
ืึทืึผึืึผืขึท ืึนึฝืึพืึฒืึทืึฐืชึผึถึคื ืึถืชึพืึทึฝืึทืึผึธืืชึ ืึผึดืึฐืงึฃืึนื ืึทืงึผึนึืึถืฉื ืึผึดึื ืงึนึฅืึถืฉื ืงึธึฝืึธืฉืึดึืื ืึดึืื ืึฐืึนืชึธึฃืึผ ื ื ึธืชึทึฃื ืึธืึถึื ืึธืฉืึตืืชึ ืึถืชึพืขึฒืึบึฃื ืึธืขึตืึธึื ืึฐืึทืคึผึตึฅืจ ืขึฒืึตืืึถึื ืึดืคึฐื ึตึฅื ืึฐืืึธึฝืื
“Why did you not eat the sin offering in the sacred area? For it is most holy, and He has given it to you to remove the guilt of the community and to make expiation for them before the LORD.
ืึตึื ืึนืึพืืึผืึธึฃื ืึถืชึพืึผึธืึธึืึผ ืึถืึพืึทืงึผึนึืึถืฉื ืคึผึฐื ึดึืืึธื ืึธืึจืึนื ืชึผึนืืึฐืึฅืึผ ืึนืชึธึืึผ ืึผึทืงึผึนึืึถืฉื ืึผึทืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ืฆึดืึผึตึฝืืชึดืื
Since its blood was not brought inside the sanctuary, you should certainly have eaten it in the sanctuary, as I commanded.”
ืึทืึฐืึทืึผึตึจืจ ืึทืึฒืจึนึื ืึถืึพืึนืฉืึถึื ืึตึฃื ืึทึ ืึผืึนื ืึดืงึฐืจึดึจืืืึผ ืึถืชึพืึทืึผึธืืชึธึคื ืึฐืึถืชึพืขึนึฝืึธืชึธืึ ืึดืคึฐื ึตึฃื ืึฐืืึธึื ืึทืชึผึดืงึฐืจึถึฅืื ึธื ืึนืชึดึื ืึผึธืึตึืึผึถื ืึฐืึธืึทึคืึฐืชึผึดื ืึทืึผึธืืชึ ืึทืึผึืึนื ืึทืึผึดืืึทึื ืึผึฐืขึตืื ึตึฅื ืึฐืืึธึฝืื
And Aaron spoke to Moses, “See, this day they brought their sin offering and their burnt offering before the LORD, and such things have befallen me! Had I eaten sin offering today, would the LORD have approved?”
ืึทืึผึดืฉืึฐืึทึฃืข ืึนืฉืึถึื ืึทืึผึดืืึทึื ืึผึฐืขึตืื ึธึฝืืื (ืค)
And when Moses heard this, he approved.
Rashi
ืืืืื ืืขืื ืื AND IT WAS PLEASING IN HIS EYES — He admitted his error and was not ashamed to do so, by saying (instead of admitting it) “I have not heard a statement (from God regarding this)", but rather he said, “I have heard, but I forgot it” (Sifra, Shemini, Chapter 2 12; Zevachim 101b
Mei Hashiloach- Izbizer Rebbe ืื ืืฉืืื
ืืืฉืืข ืืฉื ืืืืื ืืขืื ืื. ืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืขื ืื ืฉืืคื ืขืฉื ืืืจื ืฉืื ืืื ืืฉืขืืจ ืฉื ืจืืฉ ืืืืฉ ืื ื ืคืื ืืขืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืื, ืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืืจืืฉืืช ืืื ืื ืืืืื, ืื"ืฉ ืืืื ืชืืืื ืืืชื ืืงืืืฉ ืืืฉืจ ืฆืืืชื, ืขื ืฉืืฉืื ืื ืืืจื ืืขื ืื ื ืื ืืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืขื ืื ื ืืฆื ืขืืงืืช ืืืื ืื ืฉืขืืจ ืจืืฉ ืืืฉ ืจืืื ืืืืืช ืืคืจื ืขื ืืขืืืช ืืืจื, ืืฉืขืืจ ืจืืฉ ืืืืฉ ืืจืืฉืื ื ืฉืจืฃ ืฉืื ืจืฆื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืขื ืขืชื, ืืืืืจืื ืขืืืงืื.
Rav Tzadok Of Lublin ืจื ืฆืืืง ืืืื ืืืืืืื
ืืฉืืช ืืืืืื ืจืง ืืชืื ืืืขืื ืืืจื ืฉืืืจื (ืื"ื ืื ืข"ื) ืืื ืืืชืื ืืฆืขืจื ืื' ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืื ืฉืืืจืื ืืชืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืขืื ืืขืื ื. ืืขืืงืจ ืืืฉืื ืืื ืจืง ืืคื ืืขืื ื ืฉืืฉืื ืืื. ืืื ืขื ืื ืฉืืืจื (ืกื ืืืจืื ืฆื.) ืฆืืืงืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืจืช. ืืื ืขื ืื ืืจืืืชื ืฉื ืขืืื ืืจืืฉื ืืฉืืื ืื' (ืฉื ืขื:) ืืืจืืืช ืืขืืื ืืื ืขื ืืจื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืืช ืืขืื ื ืืื ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืจืง ืขื ืืื ืืืจืืฉื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉืืชืื ืื ืืฉื ืืืืฉื ืืืืงื ืื ื' ืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืฉืืชืื ืืฉืช ืืืฉื ืกืชืจื ืฉืืงื"ื ืืกืชืชืจ ืชืื ืืืืฉื ืืืคื ืชืืงืฃ ืืืฉืืืช ืืืืขืื ืื ืืื ืชืืงืฃ ืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืื ืฉืืืื ืืืฉืื ืขื ืืื ืื ืืืฉืืืช ืืืื ืฉืืชืื ืืืงืฉืชื ืืฉื ืืช ื'
Kli Yakar ืืื ืืงืจ
ืืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืจืงืืข ืฉืืื. ืื ืจืฆื ื' ืฉืืงืจื ืืฉื ืจืงืืข ืื ืฉื ืื ืืืจื ืขื ืืคืืจืื ืืืืืืืงืช ืืืฉืื ืืืจืงืขื ืคืื ืืืื ืืจืืงืข ืืืจืฅ. ืื ืื ืจืงืืข ืืื ืืกื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉื ื ืืืจืื, ืืืืขื ืื ืื ื ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืฉื ื ืืคื ืฉืื ื ืืจื ืืืืืืงืช, ืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืงืื ืืฆืืืช ืืืืืืช, ืืืื ื ืืืจ ืืฉืืืฉื ืฉืชื ืคืขืืื ืื ืืื ืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืื ืฉืืืฉื ืืืืช ืืืืจ ืืืืืช ืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืฆื ืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืจ ืืงืื ืืืื ืื ืืงืื ืืื ืืืขืืืจ ืืืืืช ืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืื, ืืื ืืืื ื' ืืฉืจ ืืื ื ืืืฆื ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืื ืืชืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืืืืงืช ืื ื ืืืจ ืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืจืฆื ื' ืฉืืงืจื ืืฉื ืจืงืืข ืืืืจื ืขื ืืกื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืคืจืื, ืื ืงืจื ืืฉื ืฉืืื ืืืืจื ืขื ืืฉืืื ืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืฉ ืืื ืฉืขืฉื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืชืืืจื ืื ืขืฉื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ื ืฉืืืจื ืจืืดื (ืืืืช ื ืื) ืื ืืืืืงืช ืฉืืื ืืฉื ืฉืืื ืื' ืจืดื ืืืืืงืช ืฉืชืืืืชื ืืฉืืื ืืืืจืืช ืฉื ืฉืืื ืืงืดื. ืืืคื ืคืฉืืื ืื ื ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืฉื ื ืืคื ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืืจืืื ืืืฉื ืื ืืจืงืืข ืืืจ ื ืืจื ืืืื ืจืืฉืื ืืืขื ืืืืจ ืืคื ืฉืืื ืฉื ื ืืชืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืคืืจืื ืขื ืื ืื ืจืฆื ืืงืืดื ืืืืืืข ืืืข ืืฉืื ืื ืืฉืื ื ืืจื.
And God called the firmament, heaven: God did not want that it should be called with the name, firmament - [rakiya] since that name indicates division and disagreement, as per (Exodus 39:3), "And they flattened (yiraka'au) the gold [into thin plates]" - for that which was to cover the earth. Since any [rakiya] is a covering that separates between two things. And for this reason, it does not state, "that it was good" on the second day, since disagreement was created on it; since there is no good except in a place where we find unity. And therefore on the third day, "that it was good" is stated twice, once for the work of third day and once for the finishing of the water, that has an aspect of unity in it, as it is stated, "let the waters gather to one place," and because of this unity, "that it was good" is mentioned. But on the second day - from which comes out all differences, and which is the beginning of all difference and disagreement - "that it was good" was not said about it. And God did not want that [the sky] should be called firmament, which indicates a cover that separates and divides between brothers; and it was called with the name, heavens [shamayim], which indicates peace, since shamayim is composed of the words, fire [esh] and water [mayim], who made peace between between themselves and joined together, and from them was created skies. And this is what the Rabbis, of blessed memory, state (Avot 5:17), "Any disagreement that is for the sake of the heavens [shamayim], etc.;" which means to say that a disagreement whose purpose is peace, as is the teaching of the name, shamayim; and [this is] easy to understand. And according to its simple meaning, "that it was good" was not stated on the second day, since there was no new creation on it, since the firmament was already created on the first day, and the reason for [no creations happening on the second day] is because the second day is the beginning of all difference and division; hence the Holy One, blessed be He, did not want to implant a nature of difference in any creation.
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