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A disagreement for the sake of heaven | The roots of the Oral Torah

webinar Mar 27, 2019

Webinar handouts:

The first “Machloket” in the Torah

משנה אבות ה׳:י״ז

כל מחלוקת שהיא לשם שמים. סופה להתקיים. ושאינה לשם שמים. אין סופה להתקיים. איזו היא מחלוקת שהוא לשם שמים זו מחלוקת הלל ושמאי. ושאינה לשם שמים. זו מחלוקת קרח וכל עדתו

Every argument that is for [the sake of] heaven's name, it is destined to endure. But if it is not for [the sake of] heaven's name -- it is not destined to endure. What is [an example of an argument] for [the sake of] heaven's name? The argument of Hillel and Shammai. What is [an example of an argument] not for [the sake of] heaven's name? The argument of Korach and all of his congregation.

 

ויקרא י טז

וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שְׂעִ֣יר הַֽחַטָּ֗את דָּרֹ֥שׁ דָּרַ֛שׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֣ה שֹׂרָ֑ף וַ֠יִּקְצֹף עַל־אֶלְעָזָ֤ר וְעַל־אִֽיתָמָר֙ בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃

 

Then Moses inquired about the goat of sin offering, and it had already been burned! He was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s remaining sons, and said,

 

Rashi:

שעיר החטאת THE GOAT OF THE SIN OFFERING — This was the goat of the additonal offerings of the New Moon. Three goats for sin-offerings had been sacrificed that day: a goat of the kids prescribed for the installation ceremony (see Leviticus 9:3), and the goat brought by Nachshon as a free-will offering, and the goat for the New Moon. Of all these, this last alone had been burnt, and the Sages of Israel differ in their opinions regarding the matter. Some say that it was on account of some uncleanness (unclean thing) which had touched it that it was burnt, whilst others say that it had been burnt on account of the state of mourning in which Aaron’s sons were, for it was a holy sacrifice ordained for all generations and was not of an exceptional character whilst in the case of the occasional holy sacrifices (the two other goats) they relied on Moses’ statement when he said in respect to the occasional meal-offering (v. 12), “and eat it as unleavened cakes”, although you are Onanim, and they took this to apply also to those goats which were also of an occasional character (Sifra, Shemini, Chapter 2 8-10; Zevachim 101a).

 

דרש דרש. שְׁתֵּי דְרִישׁוֹת: מִפְּנֵי מָה נִשְׂרַף זֶה? וּמִפְּנֵי מָה נֶאֶכְלוּ אֵלּוּ? כָּךְ הִיא בְּתוֹרַת כֹּהֲנִים:

 

דרש דרש [MOSES] DILIGENTLY ENQUIRED ABOUT — The repetition of the word implies that he made two enquiries: why has this (the goat for the New Moon) been burnt and why have these other goats been eaten? — Thus it is stated in Torath Cohanim (Sifra, Shemini, Chapter 2 2).

 

Mei Hashiloach, Izbiza Rebbe: מי השלוח

ואת שעיר החטאת דרש דרש משה. ענין השני דרישות, כענין רמז שמרמז בגמ' (סנהדרין ק"ו:) על דואג ואחיתופל שלמדו שלש מאות הלכות פסוקות במגדל הפורח באויר הרומז לגגה של למ"ד, כי האות למד מורה על ישוב הדעת וסדר בכל מצות לא תעשה עם כל הספיקות שנולד בהלאוין האלו, וגם מורה על ישוב הדעת בתנועה אחרונה בבליעת המאכל מבית הבליעה לגוף להכיר ולהבין איזה שייך לו. וזה שהשיב לו אהרן (זבחים ק"א.) אם שמעת בקדשי שעה לא שמעת בקדשי דורות. וזה שנאמר דרוש דרש משה שהשיב לו אף שדרשת כל צרכך, מ"מ אין לו להקל בקדשי דורות. וזהו סמיכות הפרשיות אחרי רואו כי בניו נענשו לפי שרצו להסתכל בנסתרות ועתידות, וזה בהכרח לנו להבין כי קדשי דורות חמורים מאוד וחביבים בעיני הקב"ה למאוד, לכן אינו נכון לאכול, ואחר הצער גדול שהיה להם ממיתת נדב ואביהוא עי"ז זכו וניתן להם הבדלות ממאכלות אסורות.

 

מַדּ֗וּעַ לֹֽא־אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־הַֽחַטָּאת֙ בִּמְק֣וֹם הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִ֑וא וְאֹתָ֣הּ ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֗ם לָשֵׂאת֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן הָעֵדָ֔ה לְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃

 

“Why did you not eat the sin offering in the sacred area? For it is most holy, and He has given it to you to remove the guilt of the community and to make expiation for them before the LORD.

 

הֵ֚ן לֹא־הוּבָ֣א אֶת־דָּמָ֔הּ אֶל־הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ פְּנִ֑ימָה אָכ֨וֹל תֹּאכְל֥וּ אֹתָ֛הּ בַּקֹּ֖דֶשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוֵּֽיתִי׃

 

Since its blood was not brought inside the sanctuary, you should certainly have eaten it in the sanctuary, as I commanded.”

 

וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה הֵ֣ן הַ֠יּוֹם הִקְרִ֨יבוּ אֶת־חַטָּאתָ֤ם וְאֶת־עֹֽלָתָם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַתִּקְרֶ֥אנָה אֹתִ֖י כָּאֵ֑לֶּה וְאָכַ֤לְתִּי חַטָּאת֙ הַיּ֔וֹם הַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃

 

And Aaron spoke to Moses, “See, this day they brought their sin offering and their burnt offering before the LORD, and such things have befallen me! Had I eaten sin offering today, would the LORD have approved?”

 

וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ (פ)

 

And when Moses heard this, he approved.

 

Rashi

וייטב בעיניו AND IT WAS PLEASING IN HIS EYES — He admitted his error and was not ashamed to do so, by saying (instead of admitting it) “I have not heard a statement (from God regarding this)", but rather he said, “I have heard, but I forgot it” (Sifra, Shemini, Chapter 2 12; Zevachim 101b

 

Mei Hashiloach- Izbizer Rebbe מי השלוח

וישמע משה וייטב בעיניו. אחר כך הבין משה הענין שיפה עשה אהרן שלא אכל השעיר של ראש חודש אך נפלא בעיניו מהיכן דן אהרן כן, הלא אחר כל הדרישות היה לו לאכול, כמ"ש אכול תאכלו אותה בקודש כאשר צויתי, עד שהשיב לו אהרן מענין נדב ואביהוא, ובזה הענין נמצא עמקות גדול כי שעיר ראש חדש רומז להבאת כפרה על מעיטת הירח, ושעיר ראש חודש הראשון נשרף שלא רצה אהרן לאכלו ומזה הבין משה עד עתה, והדברים עמוקים.

 

Rav Tzadok Of Lublin רב צדוק הכהן מלובלין

השגת הגילוי רק מתוך ההעלם כדרך שאמרו (זח"ג מז ע"ב) מאן דיתיב בצערא כו' מה שאין כן מי שמורגל בתענוגים ואין בטובה למעלה מעונג. ועיקר ההשגה הוא רק כפי העונג שמשיג מזה. וזה ענין שאמרו (סנהדרין צג.) צדיקים גדולים ממלאכי השרת.  וזה ענין ברייתו של עולם ברישא חשוכא כו' (שם עז:) דבריאת העולם היה על דרך זה להשיג מדת העונג וזה אי אפשר רק על ידי דברישא חשוכא וכמו שכתוב כי אשב בחושך דייקא אז ה' אור לי וכמו שכתוב ישת חושך סתרו שהקב"ה מסתתר תוך החושך וכפי תוקף החשכות וההעלם כן הוא תוקף האור הגנוז בו שיוכל להשיג על ידי זה החשכות וכמו שכתוב ובקשתם משם את ה'

 

Kli Yakar כלי יקר

ויקרא אלהים לרקיע שמים. לא רצה ה' שיקרא בשם רקיע כי שם זה מורה על הפירוד והמחלוקת מלשון וירקעו פחי הזהב לרוקע הארץ. כי כל רקיע הוא מסך מבדיל בין שני דברים, ומטעם זה לא נאמר כי טוב בשני לפי שבו נברא המחלוקת, כי אין טובה כי אם במקום מציאת האחדות, ולכך נאמר בשלישי שתי פעמים כי טוב אחת למלאכת יום שלישי ואחת לגמר מלאכת המים שיש בו צד אחדות שנאמר יקוו המים אל מקום אחד ובעבור אחדות זה הזכיר כי טוב, אבל ביום ב' אשר ממנו יוצא כל שינוי והוא התחלה לכל שינוי ומחלוקת לא נאמר בו כי טוב ולא רצה ה' שיקרא בשם רקיע המורה על מסך מבדיל ובין אחים יפריד, ונקרא בשם שמים המורה על השלום כי שמים נגזר מלשון אש מים שעשו שלום ביניהם ונתחברו ונעשה מהם שמים והיינו שאמרו רז״ל (אבות ה יז) כל מחלוקת שהיא לשם שמים כו' ר״ל מחלוקת שתכליתו השלום כהוראת שם שמים וק״ל. ולפי פשוטו לא נאמר כי טוב בשני לפי שלא היה בו בריאה חדשה כי הרקיע כבר נברא ביום ראשון וטעם לדבר לפי שיום שני התחלה לכל שינוי ופירוד על כן לא רצה הקב״ה להטביע טבע השינוי בשום נברא.

 

And God called the firmament, heaven: God did not want that it should be called with the name, firmament - [rakiya] since that name indicates division and disagreement, as per (Exodus 39:3), "And they flattened (yiraka'au) the gold [into thin plates]" - for that which was to cover the earth. Since any [rakiya] is a covering that separates between two things. And for this reason, it does not state, "that it was good" on the second day, since disagreement was created on it; since there is no good except in a place where we find unity. And therefore on the third day, "that it was good" is stated twice, once for the work of third day and once for the finishing of the water, that has an aspect of unity in it, as it is stated, "let the waters gather to one place," and because of this unity, "that it was good" is mentioned. But on the second day - from which comes out all differences, and which is the beginning of all difference and disagreement - "that it was good" was not said about it. And God did not want that [the sky] should be called firmament, which indicates a cover that separates and divides between brothers; and it was called with the name, heavens [shamayim], which indicates peace, since shamayim is composed of the words, fire [esh] and water [mayim], who made peace between between themselves and joined together, and from them was created skies. And this is what the Rabbis, of blessed memory, state (Avot 5:17), "Any disagreement that is for the sake of the heavens [shamayim], etc.;" which means to say that a disagreement whose purpose is peace, as is the teaching of the name, shamayim; and [this is] easy to understand. And according to its simple meaning, "that it was good" was not stated on the second day, since there was no new creation on it, since the firmament was already created on the first day, and the reason for [no creations happening on the second day] is because the second day is the beginning of all difference and division; hence the Holy One, blessed be He, did not want to implant a nature of difference in any creation.

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